In this paper, various technologies of distributed fiber-optic vibration sensing are reviewed, from interferometric sensing technology, such as Sagnac, Mach–Zehnder, and Michelson, to backscattering-based sensing technology, such as phase-sensitive optical time. It has demonstrated immense potential for various applications, including seismology research, traffic vibration detection, structural health inspection, and lifeline engineering. DAS. The current -OTDR vibration localization and recognition methods based on predominantly relies on assumptions such as bare fiber sensing, simulated experimental environments, or single known laying scenario.